本文可以從“公眾號菜單->英語知識-英語辨析->英語易混詞或詞組用法區別”找到。
相對于 can,could,may,might 和 must 等情態動詞而言,need 和 dare 或 have to,be able to 等短語常被稱為半情態動詞,其中 need 和 dare 既可以作為情態動詞,也可以作為實義動詞,而 have to 和 be able to 等短語在意義和語氣上與情態動詞用法比較相似,所以也被歸入到情態動詞的用法中。
1、短語 have to 不是情態動詞或助動詞,其中的 have 是實義動詞,它的基本句型結構是:主語 + 助動詞 + have + to 不定式,例如:
| 主語 | 助動詞 | 實義動詞 | to 不定式 |
|
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+ | She |
| has | to work. |
| - | I | do not | have | to see | the doctor. | ? | Do | you | have | to go | to school? | 2、have to 表達非個人的義務行為,它側重于客觀需要,含有“不得不”或 “被迫”之意,通常是由一個獨立的外部力量(例如法律或校規)強制采取行動,例如: In France, you have to drive on the right.In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.John has to wear a tie at work.解析:從以上例句可以看出,“義務”不是主體的意見或想法,而是來自外部。3、have to 可以用于所有的時態,且可以與情態動詞連用,例如:
| 主語 | 助動詞 | 實義動詞
| to 不定式 |
|
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一般過去時 | I |
| had | to work | yesterday. |
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一般現在時 | I |
| have | to work | today. |
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一般將來時 | I | will | have | to work | tomorrow. |
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現在進行時 | She | is | having | to wait. |
|
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現在完成時 | We | have | had | to change | the time. |
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may | They | may | have | to do | it again. |
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4、have to 的否定式是 don't have to,相當于 needn't,譯為“不得不”,例如: You don't have to be alone with him and I don't think you ought to be. 你不必單獨跟他呆在一起,而且我認為你也不該這樣。 You don't have to shout at me. 你沒必要朝我嚷嚷。  1、must 是情態動詞,后面跟實義動詞,它的基本句型結構是:主語 + must + 動詞原形(不帶 to 不定式) + 其他,例如:主語 | must | 實義動詞 |
|
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I | must | go | home. | You | must | visit | us. | We | must | stop | now. |
2、側重于說話者的主觀看法,認為有必要或有義務去做某事,例如:
解析:從以上例句可以看出,“義務”全是來自說話者的意見或想法。注意:must 有的時候也會用于真的“義務”,但通常 have to 用于真的“義務”。3、可以使用 must 來談論現在或將來,但不能用來談論過去,談論過去只能用 have to,例如:I must call my mother tomorrow.4、must 的否定式 mustn’t,表示禁令或禁律,禁止的可以是主觀的(說話者的意見或看法),也可以是客觀的(真正的法律法規或規則),譯為“一定不要”、“不允許”,例如:I mustn't eat so much sugar. You mustn't watch so much television. Students must not leave bicycles here. Policemen must not drink on duty.
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